CVE Database - Input Validation

In multiple functions of AccessibilityManagerService.java, there is a possible persistent denial of service due to improper input validation. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

In multiple locations, there is a possible way to reveal images across users due to improper input validation. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.

Capsule is a multi-tenancy and policy-based framework for Kubernetes. To defend against namespace hijacking achieved through update/patch operations on namespaces, Capsule uses a webhook to validate update requests targeting namespaces. However, in Kubernetes, the namespace/finalize and namespace/status subresource APIs can also modify various fields of a namespace, including the metadata field. Prior to version 0.13.0, the webhook does not define interception rules for these subresources. As a result, if a tenant administrator has permission to modify namespace/status or namespace/finalize, they can successfully perform namespace hijacking. Version 0.13.0 fixes the issue. Another mitigation is to add two subresources (namespaces and snamespaces/status with namespace/finalize within it) to the resources list in the ValidatingWebhookConfiguration rules.

Capsule is a multi-tenancy and policy-based framework for Kubernetes. The Capsule Controller runs with cluster-admin privileges. Although the TenantResource RawItems processing logic forcibly sets the namespace, this is ineffective for cluster-scoped resources. Prior to version 0.13.0, tenant administrators can leverage the Controller's elevated privileges to create cluster-scoped resources (such as ClusterRole and ValidatingWebhookConfiguration) that they cannot create directly, achieving cross-tenant privilege escalation and cluster-level attacks. The attack vector has a few limiting factors. This attack requires Tenant Owner privileges and requires Capsule Controller running with cluster-admin privileges (default configuration). Additionally, some clusters may have additional admission controllers blocking malicious resources. Version 0.13.0 patches this issue.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: smb: client: reject userspace cifs.spnego descriptions cifs.spnego key descriptions contain authority-bearing fields such as pid, uid, creduid, and upcall_target that cifs.upcall treats as kernel-originating inputs. However, userspace can also create keys of this type through request_key(2) or add_key(2), allowing those fields to be supplied without CIFS origin. Only accept cifs.spnego descriptions while CIFS is using its private spnego_cred to request the key.

Improper Input Validation, Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Apache ActiveMQ Broker, Apache ActiveMQ All, Apache ActiveMQ. Non-parenthesized discovery wrappers such as `masterslave:vm://...,...` and `static:vm://...` incorrectly pass validation allowing bypass of fix in CVE-2026-34197.  Original description from CVE-2026-34197. Apache ActiveMQ exposes the Jolokia JMX-HTTP bridge at /api/jolokia/ on the web console. The default Jolokia access policy permits exec operations on all ActiveMQ MBeans (org.apache.activemq:*), including BrokerService.addNetworkConnector(String) and BrokerService.addConnector(String). An authenticated attacker can invoke these operations with a crafted discovery UR that triggers the VM transport's brokerConfig parameter to load a remote Spring XML application context using ResourceXmlApplicationContext. Because Spring's ResourceXmlApplicationContext instantiates all singleton beans before the BrokerService validates the configuration, arbitrary code execution occurs on the broker's JVM through bean factory methods such as Runtime.exec(). This issue affects Apache ActiveMQ Broker: before 5.19.7, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.6; Apache ActiveMQ All: before 5.19.7, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.6; Apache ActiveMQ: before 5.19.7, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.6. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 5.19.7 or 6.2.6, which fixes the issue.

Improper Input Validation, Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Apache ActiveMQ Broker, Apache ActiveMQ All, Apache ActiveMQ. Apache ActiveMQ Classic exposes the Jolokia JMX-HTTP bridge at /api/jolokia/ on the web console. The default Jolokia access policy permits exec operations on all ActiveMQ MBeans (org.apache.activemq:*), including BrokerService.addNetworkConnector(String). An authenticated attacker can invoke these operations with a crafted discovery URI that triggers the VM transport's brokerConfig parameter using the "masterslave:// " URL which can allow loading a Spring XML application context using ResourceXmlApplicationContext. Because Spring's ResourceXmlApplicationContext instantiates all singleton beans before the BrokerService validates the configuration, arbitrary code execution occurs on the broker's JVM through bean factory methods such as Runtime.exec(). This issue affects Apache ActiveMQ Broker: before 5.19.7, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.6; Apache ActiveMQ All: before 5.19.7, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.6; Apache ActiveMQ: before 5.19.7, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.6. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 5.19.7 or 6.2.6, which fixes the issue.

An improper Input Validation vulnerability in OTRS or ((OTRS)) Community Edition database layer module allows an unauthenticated SQL injection which can lead to an authentication bypass. This issue only affects the system if the MySQL/MariaDB server is configured with the NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES SQL mode. This issue affects OTRS: * 7.0.X * 8.0.X * 2023.X * 2024.X * 2025.X * 2026.X before 2026.4.X * (OTRS)) Community Edition: 6.0.x Products based on the ((OTRS)) Community Edition also very likely to be affected

cpp-httplib is a C++11 single-file header-only cross platform HTTP/HTTPS library. Prior to 0.43.4, negative chunk-size in chunked Transfer-Encoding causes unbounded memory allocation and process crash. The ChunkedDecoder::read_payload function in cpp-httplib (httplib.h) parses the chunk-size field of HTTP chunked transfer encoding using std::strtoul(). Per the C standard (§7.22.1.4), strtoul silently accepts a leading minus sign, performing unsigned wrap-around: strtoul("-2", …, 16) returns ULONG_MAX − 1 (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE). The library's only guard (line 12833) rejects ULONG_MAX (the result of "-1"), but any other negative value such as "-2" passes validation. The resulting near-maximum value is stored in chunk_remaining and controls how many bytes the server's read loop consumes from the network. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.43.4.

liboqs is a C-language cryptographic library that provides implementations of post-quantum cryptography algorithms. Prior to 0.16.0, an out-of-bounds read has been identified in the XMSS and XMSS^MT stateful signature verification code. When the verification function is called with a signature buffer shorter than the expected signature size for the given parameter set, the implementation does not validate the caller-supplied length and proceeds to read past the end of the buffer. The out-of-bounds bytes are consumed only as input to an internal hash computation and are not returned to the caller, so no oracle exists to leak their contents to an attacker. The primary observable effect is a possible crash (denial of service) of the verifying process if the read crosses into an unmapped memory page. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.16.0.

Dokploy is a free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). In 0.29.2 and earlier, Dokploy constructs shell commands using JavaScript template literals and executes them via child_process.exec() (which runs through /bin/sh -c). User-supplied branch names, repository URLs, and Docker credentials are interpolated directly into these commands without escaping. This requires an authenticated user with application create/edit privileges.

mouse07410/asn1c is an ASN.1 compiler. In 1.4 and earlier, a memory safety vulnerability was identified in the OER decoding skeleton files generated by asn1c (specifically INTEGER_oer.c). When parsing a maliciously crafted, zero-length OER payload for a variable-length, non-negative INTEGER type, the decoder fails to validate the required bytes before extracting the Most Significant Bit (MSB). This forces a precise 1-byte Heap Out-of-Bounds (OOB) Read. Because asn1c generated code is primarily deployed to parse untrusted network inputs (such as V2X network protocols, 5G telecom headers, or X.509 certificates), when the decoder processes untrusted network-originated input, a remote attacker can exploit this to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) or trigger incorrect integer interpretation in downstream applications (e.g., protocol state poisoning or logic bypass).

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in WebAppInstalls in Google Chrome on Android prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via a malicious file. (Chromium security severity: High)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in OptimizationGuide in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Media in Google Chrome on ChromeOS prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to obtain potentially sensitive information from process memory via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Printing in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to bypass site isolation via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Input in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to bypass site isolation via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in WebShare in Google Chrome on Android prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in iOS in Google Chrome on iOS prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to bypass same origin policy via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Site Isolation in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to bypass site isolation via a crafted MHTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in GPU in Google Chrome on Android prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in UI in Google Chrome on Mac prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Critical)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in WebGL in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Critical)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in USB in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Skia in Google Chrome on Android prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)

Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Passwords in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Improper Input Validation (CWE-20) in the Kibana Fleet agent policy management feature can lead to privilege escalation. An authenticated user with Fleet management privileges can manipulate agent policy configuration by injecting values into a configuration override mechanism that is not adequately validated. An attacker can cause Elastic Agents to be issued API keys with elevated Elasticsearch privileges, potentially granting unauthorized read and write access to sensitive Elasticsearch security indices beyond what is intended for the Fleet management role.

An issue in SourceBans Material Admin before v.1.1.6 (3ecd95e) allows attackers to manipulate arbitrary user data in the web app via a crafted XAJAX call.

Synapse is an open source Matrix homeserver implementation. Prior to 1.152.1, in federated rooms, malicious homeservers can craft room events in such a way that prevents Synapse from providing full history to paginating clients. Clients could therefore fail to display room history. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.152.1.

Anchor is a framework providing several convenient developer tools for writing Solana programs. From 1.0.0 to before 1.0.2, an logic error causes anchor programs to accept any program id when requiring the system program id, causing false assumptions resulting in potential arbitrary cpi in programs that invoke system program instructions. In the TryFrom<&'a AccountInfo<'a>> implementation for Program<'a, T>, the id of T is compared with Pubkey::default() to check whether anchor should allow any executable account, or a specific account, because when no T is supplied, T defaults to (), which implements Id::id() by returning Pubkey::default(). This results in T = () and T = System (which has Pubkey::default() as the id) having the same behavior, both allow any executable account. Programs built with anchor assume that the anchor runtime verifies passed in programs of type Program<'a, System> are in fact the system program. This false assumption can lead to arbitrary CPI or payment bypassing when programs try making CPI calls to the system program using the passed in system program due to the fact that the attacker can pass in any program instead of the system program. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.0.2.

An authenticated command injection vulnerability exists in the Archer BE450 v1 and BE7200 v1 router that allows an administrator to execute arbitrary system commands through the web management interface. After successfully authenticating to the admin interface, an attacker can leverage the browser’s developer console by supplying a crafted input that is passed to backend system commands without adequate sanitization. Successful exploitation enables execution of arbitrary commands with elevated privileges on the device, which may allow the attacker to start unauthorized services, modify system configuration, or otherwise fully compromise the router’s operating environment.

Cinny is a Matrix client. Prior to 4.10.3, A remote authenticated attacker who shares a room with a victim and has permissions to create room emotes (for example in a DM) can cause the victim's client to send their Matrix access token to an attacker-controlled server. This occurs when the victim opens the emoji or sticker picker for the room containing a malicious emote pack. This is caused by an incorrect fallback in EmojiBoard that uses untrusted pack.meta.avatar (user-controlled) without converting/validating it as an MXC URL, allowing arbitrary HTTP(S) URLs to be used. Also, the service worker attaching the user's Authorization bearer token to all outbound GET requests whose URL contains /_matrix/client/v1/media/download or /_matrix/client/v1/media/thumbnail without verifying the request host matches the configured homeserver origin. An attacker-controlled URL containing those path fragments and permissive CORS will receive the victim's Authorization header (access token). This vulnerability is fixed in 4.10.3.

free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NRF root SBI endpoint POST /oauth2/token contains a parser-level type-confusion bug family. The handler in NFs/nrf/internal/sbi/api_accesstoken.go reflects over models.NrfAccessTokenAccessTokenReq, special-cases only plain string and NrfNfManagementNfType fields, and treats every other field as if it were a single models.PlmnId. The parsed *models.PlmnId is then assigned with reflect.Value.Set() to whichever field name the attacker put in the form body, which panics whenever the destination field's real type is incompatible (slice, different struct, primitive). Gin recovery converts each panic into HTTP 500, but the endpoint remains remotely panicable from a single unauthenticated form-encoded request and is repeatedly triggerable. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.

free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF terminates the entire process when a stored PFD-subscription notifyUri cannot be reached. In PfdChangeNotifier.FlushNotifications(), the notifier calls NnefPFDmanagementNotify(...) and on any delivery error invokes logger.PFDManageLog.Fatal(err), which is os.Exit(1)-equivalent in Go. An attacker who can create a PFD subscription with an attacker-chosen notifyUri and then trigger a PFD change can deterministically kill NEF on the asynchronous delivery attempt -- the process exits with status 1, dropping NEF's entire SBI surface until restart. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.

free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, the free5GC UDM component fails to validate the supi path parameter in six GET handlers of the nudm-sdm (Subscriber Data Management) service. An unauthenticated attacker can inject control characters into the SUPI parameter, causing UDM to forward a malformed request to UDR and return a 500 Internal Server Error response that exposes internal infrastructure details. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.

Jenkins Credentials Binding Plugin 720.v3f6decef43ea_ and earlier does not properly sanitize file names for file and zip file credentials, allowing attackers able to provide credentials to a job to write files to arbitrary locations on the node filesystem, which can lead to remote code execution if Jenkins is configured to allow a low-privileged user to configure file or zip file credentials used for a job running on the built-in node.

NVIDIA Display Driver for Linux contains a vulnerability in UVM, where a user could cause improper input validation. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to denial of service.

NVIDIA Display Driver for Windows and Linux contains a vulnerability in the kernel driver, where a user could cause an incorrect permission assignment for a critical resource. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to data tampering and denial of service.

Algernon is a small self-contained pure-Go web server. Prior to 1.17.7, when Algernon is asked for any URL path that resolves to a directory without an index file, DirPage walks upward through parent directories — past the configured server root — looking for a file named handler.lua to execute as the request handler. The loop terminates only after 100 ancestor steps or when filepath.Dir returns ., so on any absolute server-root path the search reaches the filesystem root (/ on Unix, drive letter on Windows). The first handler.lua it finds is loaded into the Lua interpreter with the full Algernon API exposed — including run3(), httpclient, os.execute, io.popen, PQ, MSSQL, raw filesystem access, and the userstate database. Any process that can write handler.lua anywhere in a parent directory of the server root obtains pre-authenticated remote code execution on the next HTTP request. This is reachable without authentication — the lookup happens before the permission check returns a hit (the perm system only gates URL prefixes, not the handler-resolution step), and any URL pointing at a directory without an index triggers the walk. On a fresh stock Algernon install the request GET / is enough. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.17.7.

e107 is a content management system (CMS). Prior to 2.3.4, a Host Header Injection vulnerability in the password reset page allows attackers to manipulate the Host header to generate password reset links pointing to attacker-controlled domains. This can lead to phishing attacks, account takeover, or other security risks. The severity is high, as the vulnerability affects a critical function related to user authentication. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.3.4.

A security vulnerability has been detected in fraillt bitsery up to 5.2.4. Affected is the function loadFromSharedState in the library include/bitsery/ext/std_smart_ptr.h. Such manipulation leads to improper validation of specified type of input. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. Upgrading to version 5.2.5 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 66d16516e24893bebc1c8af52bf2fe9ad0735061. Upgrading the affected component is advised.

A flaw has been found in changmingxie tcc-transaction up to 2.1.0. This issue affects the function Fastjson.parseObject of the component Fastjson AutoType REST API. This manipulation causes deserialization. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Improper input validation in Azure Virtual Network Gateway allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Improper input validation in Azure Compute Gallery allows an authorized attacker to disclose information over a network.

An authentication logic vulnerability in multiple TP-Link range extenders allows an unauthenticated attacker on an adjacent network to manipulate a login parameter and reset the administrator password due to insufficient validation. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to obtain full administrative control of the affected device, potentially impacting on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

TypeBot is a chatbot builder tool. In versions prior to 3.16.0, SSRF protection for Webhook / HTTP Request blocks validates only the URL string, blocked hostname literals, and literal IP formats. It does not resolve DNS before allowing the request. As a result, a hostname such as ssrf-repro.example that resolves to 127.0.0.1, 169.254.169.254, or RFC1918/private space passes validation and is later fetched by the backend HTTP client. This enables server-side request forgery to loopback, cloud metadata, and private network targets. This issue has been resolved in version 3.16.0.

The fix for CVE-2025-48913: Apache CXF: Untrusted JMS configuration can lead to RCE was not complete, meaning that another path in the code might lead to code execution capabilities, if untrusted users are allowed to configure JMS for Apache CXF. Users are recommended to upgrade to versions 4.2.1, 4.1.6 or 3.6.11, which fix this issue.